Main Article Content
Abstract
This study identifies the underlying factors contributing to child stunting and poverty among Indonesian farmworker households. We use logistic regression and the Indonesian Family Life Survey to measure this study. The findings indicate that social and demographic factors significantly influence poverty among farming families. Families with more farming businesses and land ownership are less likely to be poor. However, there is no significant link between agricultural productivity and child stunting. Positive factors for child nutrition include exclusive breastfeeding for at least two years and a father's higher education level. In contrast, older maternal age and larger household size increase the likelihood of child stunting. The study highlights the importance of social and demographic factors in addressing poverty and child health in agricultural settings. Parental education and breastfeeding practices play crucial roles in preventing stunting. To address these issues, policies should focus on educating parents about the benefits of exclusive breastfeeding and early childhood nutrition. Supporting farming families by increasing agricultural productivity and land ownership is essential. Developing targeted nutritional programs for children in larger households and those with older mothers can help prevent stunting.
Keywords
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the terms:
Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
Jurnal Ekonomi Pembangunan is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License..
References
- Alonso, E. B., Cockx, L., & Swinnen, J. (2018). Culture and food security. Global Food Security, 17, 113–127. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gfs.2018.02.002
- Anyanwu, J. C. (2014). Marital Status, Household Size and Poverty in Nigeria: Evidence from the 2009/2010 Survey Data. African Development Review, 26(1), 118–137.
- Beal, T., Tumilowicz, A., Sutrisna, A., Izwardy, D., & Neufeld, L. M. (2018). A review of child stunting determinants in Indonesia. Maternal and Child Nutrition, 14(4), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1111/mcn.12617
- Birhanu, F. Z., Tsehay, A. S., & Bimerew, D. A. (2021). Heterogeneous effects of improving technical efficiency on household multidimensional poverty: evidence from rural Ethiopia. Heliyon, 7(12), e08613. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e08613
- BPS. (2013). Hasil Sensus Pertanian 2013 (Angka Tetap).
- BPS. (2015). Garis Kemiskinan (Rupiah/Kapita/Bulan) Menurut Provinsi dan Daerah 2014-2015. Available at: https://www.bps.go.id/indicator/23/195/5/garis-kemiskinan-rupiah-kapita-bulan-menurut-provinsi-dan-daerah-.html
- BPS. (2017). Jumlah Penduduk Miskin, Persentase Penduduk Miskin, dan Garis Kemiskinan, 1970-2017.
- BPS. (2021). Keadaan Pekerja di Indonesia.
- Chowdhury, T. R., Chakrabarty, S., Rakib, M., Afrin, S., Saltmarsh, S., & Winn, S. (2020). Factors associated with stunting and wasting in children under 2 years in Bangladesh. Heliyon, 6(9), e04849. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04849
- Darko, F. A., Palacios-Lopez, A., Kilic, T., & Ricker-Gilbert, J. (2018). Micro-Level Welfare Impacts of Agricultural Productivity: Evidence from Rural Malawi. Journal of Development Studies, 54(5), 915–932. https://doi.org/10.1080/00220388.2018.1430771
- Deaton, A. (1995). Data and Econometric Tools for Development Analysis. In J. Behrman & T. N. Srinivasan (Eds.), Handbook of Development Economics, 3(1), 1785–1874.
- Deshmukh, P. R., Sinha, N., & Dongre, A. R. (2013). Social determinants of stunting in rural area of Wardha, Central India. Medical Journal Armed Forces India, 69(3), 213–217. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mjafi.2012.10.004
- Dib, J. B., Alamsyah, Z., & Qaim, M. (2018). Land-use change and income inequality in rural Indonesia. Forest Policy and Economics, 94, 55–66. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forpol.2018.06.010
- Euler, M., Krishna, V., Schwarze, S., Siregar, H., & Qaim, M. (2017). Oil Palm Adoption, Household Welfare, and Nutrition Among Smallholder Farmers in Indonesia. World Development, 93, 219–235. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2016.12.019
- Fadilah, C., & Romadona, F. (2022). The Causes of Malnutrition in Indonesia A Literature Study. Advamces in Social Science, Eduaction and Humanities Research, 668, 153–159.
- Haile, B., & Headey, D. (2023). Growth in milk consumption and reductions in child stunting: Historical evidence from cross-country panel data. Food Policy, 118, 102485. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodpol.2023.102485
- Kementerian Kesehatan RI. (2018). Laporan Riskesdas 2018 Nasional.
- Krishna, V., Euler, M., Siregar, H., & Qaim, M. (2017). Differential livelihood impacts of oil palm expansion in Indonesia. Agricultural Economics (United Kingdom), 48(5), 639–653. https://doi.org/10.1111/agec.12363
- Logarajan, R. D., Nor, N. M., Ibrahim, S., & Said, R. (2023). Social determinants of stunting in Malay children aged <5 years in Malaysia. Nutrition, 111, 112030. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nut.2023.112030
- McGovern, M. E., Krishna, A., Aguayo, V. M., & Subramanian, S. V. (2017). A review of the evidence linking child stunting to economic outcomes. International Journal of Epidemiology, 46(4), 1171–1191. https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyx017
- Mehraban, N., & Ickowitz, A. (2021). Dietary diversity of rural Indonesian households declines over time with agricultural production diversity even as incomes rise. Global Food Security, 28, 100502. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gfs.2021.100502
- Moeis, F. R., Dartanto, T., Moeis, J. P., & Ikhsan, M. (2020). A longitudinal study of agriculture households in Indonesia: The effect of land and labor mobility on welfare and poverty dynamics. World Development Perspectives, 20(October), 100261. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wdp.2020.100261
- Ogutu, S. O., Gödecke, T., & Qaim, M. (2020). Agricultural Commercialisation and Nutrition in Smallholder Farm Households. Journal of Agricultural Economics, 71(2), 534–555. https://doi.org/10.1111/1477-9552.12359
- Sirajuddin, Asbar, R., Nursalim, & Tamrin, A. (2020). Breastfeeding practices can potential to prevent stunting for poor family. Enfermería Clínica, 30, 13–17. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enfcli.2020.02.007
- Strauss, J., Witoelar, F., & Sikoki, B. (2016). User’ s Guide for the Indonesia Family Life Survey, Wave 5. RAND Corporation. https://doi.org/10.7249/WR1143.2
- Suryahadi, A., Suryadarma, D., & Sumarto, S. (2009). The effects of location and sectoral components of economic growth on poverty: Evidence from Indonesia. Journal of Development Economics, 89(1), 109–117. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdeveco.2008.08.003
- Tenriawaru, A. N., Yustisia, I., Arsyad, M., Jamil, M. H., & Kawamura, Y. (2021). The linkages between health and agriculture sectors through regional expenditure review. Gaceta Sanitaria, 35, S596–S600. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gaceta.2021.10.093
- Tiwari, R., Ausman, L. M., & Agho, K. E. (2014). Determinants of stunting and severe stunting among under-fives: evidence from the 2011 Nepal Demographic and Health Survey. BMC Pediatrics, 14(1), 239. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2431-14-239
- UNICEF. (2013). The Achievable Imperative for Global Progress.
- UNDP. (2010). Human Development Report 2010. In Population and Development Review, 21(4), 905-906. https://doi.org/10.2307/2137795
- Varga, M. (2020). Poverty reduction through land transfers? The World Bank’s titling reforms and the making of “subsistence” agriculture. World Development, 135, 105058. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2020.105058
- Wicaksono, R. A., Arto, K. S., Mutiara, E., Deliana, M., Lubis, M., & Batubara, J. R. L. (2021). Risk factors of stunting in indonesian children aged 1 to 60 months. Paediatrica Indonesiana, 61(1), 12–19. https://doi.org/10.14238/pi61.1.2021.12-9
- Witoelar, F. (2009). Note on The Construction of the IFLS Consumption Expenditure Aggregates. The World Bank Research Committee, August.
- Wooldridge, J. M. (2016). Introductory Econometrics (6th ed.). Cengage Learning.
- Worldbank. (2015). The Double Burden of Malnutrition in Indonesia. In Worldbank Group. Available at: http://www.worldbank.org/en/news/feature/2015/04/23/the-double-burden-of-malnutrition-in-indonesia
References
Alonso, E. B., Cockx, L., & Swinnen, J. (2018). Culture and food security. Global Food Security, 17, 113–127. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gfs.2018.02.002
Anyanwu, J. C. (2014). Marital Status, Household Size and Poverty in Nigeria: Evidence from the 2009/2010 Survey Data. African Development Review, 26(1), 118–137.
Beal, T., Tumilowicz, A., Sutrisna, A., Izwardy, D., & Neufeld, L. M. (2018). A review of child stunting determinants in Indonesia. Maternal and Child Nutrition, 14(4), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1111/mcn.12617
Birhanu, F. Z., Tsehay, A. S., & Bimerew, D. A. (2021). Heterogeneous effects of improving technical efficiency on household multidimensional poverty: evidence from rural Ethiopia. Heliyon, 7(12), e08613. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e08613
BPS. (2013). Hasil Sensus Pertanian 2013 (Angka Tetap).
BPS. (2015). Garis Kemiskinan (Rupiah/Kapita/Bulan) Menurut Provinsi dan Daerah 2014-2015. Available at: https://www.bps.go.id/indicator/23/195/5/garis-kemiskinan-rupiah-kapita-bulan-menurut-provinsi-dan-daerah-.html
BPS. (2017). Jumlah Penduduk Miskin, Persentase Penduduk Miskin, dan Garis Kemiskinan, 1970-2017.
BPS. (2021). Keadaan Pekerja di Indonesia.
Chowdhury, T. R., Chakrabarty, S., Rakib, M., Afrin, S., Saltmarsh, S., & Winn, S. (2020). Factors associated with stunting and wasting in children under 2 years in Bangladesh. Heliyon, 6(9), e04849. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04849
Darko, F. A., Palacios-Lopez, A., Kilic, T., & Ricker-Gilbert, J. (2018). Micro-Level Welfare Impacts of Agricultural Productivity: Evidence from Rural Malawi. Journal of Development Studies, 54(5), 915–932. https://doi.org/10.1080/00220388.2018.1430771
Deaton, A. (1995). Data and Econometric Tools for Development Analysis. In J. Behrman & T. N. Srinivasan (Eds.), Handbook of Development Economics, 3(1), 1785–1874.
Deshmukh, P. R., Sinha, N., & Dongre, A. R. (2013). Social determinants of stunting in rural area of Wardha, Central India. Medical Journal Armed Forces India, 69(3), 213–217. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mjafi.2012.10.004
Dib, J. B., Alamsyah, Z., & Qaim, M. (2018). Land-use change and income inequality in rural Indonesia. Forest Policy and Economics, 94, 55–66. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forpol.2018.06.010
Euler, M., Krishna, V., Schwarze, S., Siregar, H., & Qaim, M. (2017). Oil Palm Adoption, Household Welfare, and Nutrition Among Smallholder Farmers in Indonesia. World Development, 93, 219–235. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2016.12.019
Fadilah, C., & Romadona, F. (2022). The Causes of Malnutrition in Indonesia A Literature Study. Advamces in Social Science, Eduaction and Humanities Research, 668, 153–159.
Haile, B., & Headey, D. (2023). Growth in milk consumption and reductions in child stunting: Historical evidence from cross-country panel data. Food Policy, 118, 102485. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodpol.2023.102485
Kementerian Kesehatan RI. (2018). Laporan Riskesdas 2018 Nasional.
Krishna, V., Euler, M., Siregar, H., & Qaim, M. (2017). Differential livelihood impacts of oil palm expansion in Indonesia. Agricultural Economics (United Kingdom), 48(5), 639–653. https://doi.org/10.1111/agec.12363
Logarajan, R. D., Nor, N. M., Ibrahim, S., & Said, R. (2023). Social determinants of stunting in Malay children aged <5 years in Malaysia. Nutrition, 111, 112030. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nut.2023.112030
McGovern, M. E., Krishna, A., Aguayo, V. M., & Subramanian, S. V. (2017). A review of the evidence linking child stunting to economic outcomes. International Journal of Epidemiology, 46(4), 1171–1191. https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyx017
Mehraban, N., & Ickowitz, A. (2021). Dietary diversity of rural Indonesian households declines over time with agricultural production diversity even as incomes rise. Global Food Security, 28, 100502. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gfs.2021.100502
Moeis, F. R., Dartanto, T., Moeis, J. P., & Ikhsan, M. (2020). A longitudinal study of agriculture households in Indonesia: The effect of land and labor mobility on welfare and poverty dynamics. World Development Perspectives, 20(October), 100261. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wdp.2020.100261
Ogutu, S. O., Gödecke, T., & Qaim, M. (2020). Agricultural Commercialisation and Nutrition in Smallholder Farm Households. Journal of Agricultural Economics, 71(2), 534–555. https://doi.org/10.1111/1477-9552.12359
Sirajuddin, Asbar, R., Nursalim, & Tamrin, A. (2020). Breastfeeding practices can potential to prevent stunting for poor family. Enfermería Clínica, 30, 13–17. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enfcli.2020.02.007
Strauss, J., Witoelar, F., & Sikoki, B. (2016). User’ s Guide for the Indonesia Family Life Survey, Wave 5. RAND Corporation. https://doi.org/10.7249/WR1143.2
Suryahadi, A., Suryadarma, D., & Sumarto, S. (2009). The effects of location and sectoral components of economic growth on poverty: Evidence from Indonesia. Journal of Development Economics, 89(1), 109–117. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdeveco.2008.08.003
Tenriawaru, A. N., Yustisia, I., Arsyad, M., Jamil, M. H., & Kawamura, Y. (2021). The linkages between health and agriculture sectors through regional expenditure review. Gaceta Sanitaria, 35, S596–S600. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gaceta.2021.10.093
Tiwari, R., Ausman, L. M., & Agho, K. E. (2014). Determinants of stunting and severe stunting among under-fives: evidence from the 2011 Nepal Demographic and Health Survey. BMC Pediatrics, 14(1), 239. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2431-14-239
UNICEF. (2013). The Achievable Imperative for Global Progress.
UNDP. (2010). Human Development Report 2010. In Population and Development Review, 21(4), 905-906. https://doi.org/10.2307/2137795
Varga, M. (2020). Poverty reduction through land transfers? The World Bank’s titling reforms and the making of “subsistence” agriculture. World Development, 135, 105058. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2020.105058
Wicaksono, R. A., Arto, K. S., Mutiara, E., Deliana, M., Lubis, M., & Batubara, J. R. L. (2021). Risk factors of stunting in indonesian children aged 1 to 60 months. Paediatrica Indonesiana, 61(1), 12–19. https://doi.org/10.14238/pi61.1.2021.12-9
Witoelar, F. (2009). Note on The Construction of the IFLS Consumption Expenditure Aggregates. The World Bank Research Committee, August.
Wooldridge, J. M. (2016). Introductory Econometrics (6th ed.). Cengage Learning.
Worldbank. (2015). The Double Burden of Malnutrition in Indonesia. In Worldbank Group. Available at: http://www.worldbank.org/en/news/feature/2015/04/23/the-double-burden-of-malnutrition-in-indonesia