Main Article Content
Abstract
This study aims to explore the main factors influencing women's involvement and analyze the interaction between variables to develop policy recommendations that enhance women's involvement in tourism sustainability in Penglipuran Village. This research will use prospective analysis methods, specifically MICMAC Analysis and Bayesian Belief Network (BBN). The study's results identified several potential variables affecting women's involvement, such as awig-awig, gender equality, women empowerment, infrastructure, customary institutions, skills, and culture. Additionally, the study discusses how managing five key nodes with a 100% probability led to a 20% increase in women’s engagement and a 5% increase in tourism sustainability. The findings of this study emphasize the crucial role of handling infrastructure and customary institutions supporting women's tourism involvement. Women are expected to have equal access to resources and opportunities, alongside promoting women’s empowerment.
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References
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- Ali, S., Stewart, R. A., Sahin, O., & Vieira, A. S. (2024). Spatial Bayesian Approach for Socio-Economic Assessment of Pumped Hydro Storage. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews. 189 Part B, 1-18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2023.114007
- Andriyani, A. A. I., Martono, E., & Muhamad. (2017). Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Melalui Pengembangan Desa Wisata dan Implikasinya Terhadap Ketahanan Sosial Budaya Wilayah (Studi Di Desa Wisata Penglipuran Bali). Jurnal Ketahanan Nasional, 23(1), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.22146/jkn.18006
- Asteria, D., Halimatussadiah, A., Utari, D., & Dwi Handayani, R. (2018). Relation of Social Capital to Women’s Proactive Participation in the Community for Sustainability of River in Urban Areas. EDP Sciences, 73,1–5. https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/2018730
- Boley, B. B., & McGehee, N. G. (2014). Measuring empowerment: Developing and validating the Resident Empowerment through Tourism Scale (RETS). Tourism Management, 45, 85–94. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2014.04.003
- Candra, P. H., Maulida, F. H., & Zamahsari, G. K. (2023). Women in Sustainable Tourism Development (Case Study at Komodo and Labuan Bajo Tourism Destination). E3S Web of Conferences, 388, 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202338804011
- Chakraborty, S., Mengersen, K., Fidge, C., Ma, L., & Lassen, D. (2016). A Bayesian Network-Based Customer Satisfaction Model: A Tool for Management Decisions in Railway Transport. Decision Analytics, 3(1), 1-24. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40165-016-0021-2
- Desbiolles, F.H. (2018). Sustainable Tourism: Sustaining Tourism or Something More? Tourism Management Perspectives, 25, 157–160. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmp.2017.11.017
- Domecq, C.F., Kimbu, A., Jong, A.D., & Williams, A. M. (2022). Sustainability Through the Tourism Entrepreneurship Journey: A Gender Perspective. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 30(7), 1562–1585. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2020.1831001
- Dong, H., & Khan, M. S. (2023). Exploring The Role of Female Empowerment in Sustainable Rural Tourism Development: An Exploratory Sequential Mixed-Method Study. International Journal of Professional Business Review, 8(4), 1-28. https://doi.org/10.26668/businessreview/2023.v8i4.1651
- Elshaer, I., Moustafa, M., Sobaih, A. E., Aliedan, M., & Azazz, A. M. S. (2021). The Impact of Women’s Empowerment on Sustainable Tourism Development: Mediating Role of Tourism Involvement. Tourism Management Perspectives, 35, 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmp.2021.100815
- Ertac, M., & Tanova, C. (2020). Flourishing Women Through Sustainable Tourism Entrepreneurship. Sustainability, 1–17. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12145643
- Fauzi, A., (2019). Teknik Analisis Berkelanjutan. PT Gramedia Pustaka Utama, Jakarta.
- Fauzi, A., & Ariyani, N. (2024). From Traditional to Thriving: Predicting Rural Tourism Sustainability in Water Based Tourism of Kedung Ombo, Indonesia Using Bayesian Networks. 35th Barcelona International Conference on Economics, Management, Education & Law (BEMEL-24). 37-45. https://doi.org/10.17758/HEAIG15.H0424503
- Gerged, A. M., Tran, M., & Beddewela, E. S. (2023). Engendering Pro-Sustainable Performance Through a Multi-Layered Gender Diversity Criterion: Evidence from the Hospitality and Tourism Sector. Journal of Travel Research, 62(5), 1047–1076. https://doi.org/10.1177/00472875221111754
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- Ikhar, M. R., Banerjee, S., Bandhopadhyaya, K., Tiwari, M. K., & Deshmukh, P. (2022). Are Women with More of ‘Social Capital’ More Empowered? A Cross-Sectional Analysis from Rural Wardha, Central India. Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care, 11(2), 472-479. https://doi.org/10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_2495_20
- Isfahani, R. N., Malmiri, A. T., BahooToroody, A., & Abaei, M. M. (2023). A Bayesian-Based Framework for Advanced Nature-Based Tourism Model. Journal of Asian Business and Economic Studies, 30(2), 86–104. https://doi.org/10.1108/JABES-11-2020-0119
- Joo, D., Woosnam, K. M., Strzelecka, M., & Boley, B. B. (2020). Knowledge, Empowerment, And Action: Testing the Empowerment Theory in A Tourism Context. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 28(1), 69–85. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2019.1675673
- Kaur, G., Singh, M., & Gupta, S. (2023). Analysis of Key Factors Influencing Individual Financial Well-Being Using ISM And MICMAC Approach. Quality and Quantity, 57(2), 1533–1559. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11135-022-01422-9
- Khadijah, S. A. R. (2022). Pemberdayaan dan Keterlibatan Perempuan dalam Pembangunan Pariwisata Berkelanjutan. Warta Pariwisata, 20(1), 18–22. https://doi.org/10.5614/wpar.2022.20.1.05
- Kimbal, R. W., Maru, M. G., Sinolungan, A., & Siwi, M. C. (2022). Women’s Social Capital. SHS Web of Conferences, 149, 1-7. https://doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/202214902043
- Kusumadewi, E. S. Y., Sari, L. K., Sulaiman, A. I., Wuryaningsih, T., & Prastyanti, S. (2023). Women’s Participation in Tourist Village Empowerment. Journal of Digital Marketing and Communication, 3(1), 36–48. https://doi.org/10.53623/jdmc.v3i1.261
- Kutlu, G., & Ngoasong, M. Z. (2024). A Framework for Gender Influences on Sustainable Business Models in Women’s Tourism Entrepreneurship: Doing and Re-Doing Gender. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 32(3), 500–518. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2023.2201878
- Marre, J.-B., Ferraris, J., Badie, M., Leenhardt, P., Wuillemin, P.-H., & Chaboud, C. (2020). Using Bayesian Network Modeling to Cope with the Marine Protected Area Governance Issue. ICES Journal of Marine Science. 1-13. https://hal.sorbonne-universite.fr/hal-02441790
- Nguyen, T. V. (2016). A Bayesian Belief Network Analysis of Factors Influencing the Propensity to Vietnamese Coffee Export. British Journal of Marketing Studies, 4(4), 16–27. www.eajournals.org
- Pécot, M., Quijano, C.R., Khoo, C., Vázquez, M. A., Canales, D.B., Yang, E. C.L., & Tan, R. (2024). From Empowering Women to Being Empowered by Women: A Gendered Social Innovation Framework for Tourism-Led Development Initiatives. Tourism Management, 102, 104883 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2024.104883
- Pickel-Chevalier, S., & Yanthy, P. S. (2023). Gender, Work, Tourism and Higher Education in Bali. Annals of Tourism Research. 100, 1-28. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2023.103574
- Rasanjali, C., Sivashankar, P., & Mahaliyanaarachchi, R. P. (2021). Women Participation in Rural Tourism: A Case of Ella, Sri Lanka. Agraris, 7(2), 256–269. https://doi.org/10.18196/AGRARIS.V7I2.11294
- Samad, S., & Alharthi, A. (2022). Untangling Factors Influencing Women Entrepreneurs’ Involvement in Tourism and Its Impact on Sustainable Tourism Development. Administrative Sciences. 12(2), 1-19. https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci12020052
- Singh, R. K., Joshi, S., & Sharma, M. (2023). Modelling Supply Chain Flexibility in the Indian Personal Hygiene Industry: An ISM-Fuzzy MICMAC Approach. Global Business Review, 24(5), 1058–1075. https://doi.org/10.1177/0972150920923075
- Suárez, P. V. (2018). Tourism as Empowerment: Women Artisan’s Experiences in Central Mexico. In Gender Equality and Tourism: Beyond Empowerment. 46-56. https://doi.org/10.1079/9781786394422.0046
- Suartika, G. A. M. (2018). Global and Domestic Spheres: Impact on the Traditional Settlement of Penglipuran in Bali. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science. 123, 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/123/1/012014
- Wijaya, P. Y., Kawiana, I. G. P., Suasih, N. N. R., Hartati, P. S., & Sumadi, N. K. (2020). SWOT and MICMAC Analysis to Determine the Development Strategy and Sustainability of The Bongkasa Pertiwi Tourism Village, Bali Province, Indonesia. Decision Science Letters, 9(3), 439–452. https://doi.org/10.5267/j.dsl.2020.3.002
References
Alarcón, D. M., & Cole, S. (2019). No Sustainability for Tourism without Gender Equality. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 27(7), 903-917. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2019.1588283
Ali, S., Stewart, R. A., Sahin, O., & Vieira, A. S. (2024). Spatial Bayesian Approach for Socio-Economic Assessment of Pumped Hydro Storage. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews. 189 Part B, 1-18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2023.114007
Andriyani, A. A. I., Martono, E., & Muhamad. (2017). Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Melalui Pengembangan Desa Wisata dan Implikasinya Terhadap Ketahanan Sosial Budaya Wilayah (Studi Di Desa Wisata Penglipuran Bali). Jurnal Ketahanan Nasional, 23(1), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.22146/jkn.18006
Asteria, D., Halimatussadiah, A., Utari, D., & Dwi Handayani, R. (2018). Relation of Social Capital to Women’s Proactive Participation in the Community for Sustainability of River in Urban Areas. EDP Sciences, 73,1–5. https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/2018730
Boley, B. B., & McGehee, N. G. (2014). Measuring empowerment: Developing and validating the Resident Empowerment through Tourism Scale (RETS). Tourism Management, 45, 85–94. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2014.04.003
Candra, P. H., Maulida, F. H., & Zamahsari, G. K. (2023). Women in Sustainable Tourism Development (Case Study at Komodo and Labuan Bajo Tourism Destination). E3S Web of Conferences, 388, 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202338804011
Chakraborty, S., Mengersen, K., Fidge, C., Ma, L., & Lassen, D. (2016). A Bayesian Network-Based Customer Satisfaction Model: A Tool for Management Decisions in Railway Transport. Decision Analytics, 3(1), 1-24. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40165-016-0021-2
Desbiolles, F.H. (2018). Sustainable Tourism: Sustaining Tourism or Something More? Tourism Management Perspectives, 25, 157–160. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmp.2017.11.017
Domecq, C.F., Kimbu, A., Jong, A.D., & Williams, A. M. (2022). Sustainability Through the Tourism Entrepreneurship Journey: A Gender Perspective. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 30(7), 1562–1585. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2020.1831001
Dong, H., & Khan, M. S. (2023). Exploring The Role of Female Empowerment in Sustainable Rural Tourism Development: An Exploratory Sequential Mixed-Method Study. International Journal of Professional Business Review, 8(4), 1-28. https://doi.org/10.26668/businessreview/2023.v8i4.1651
Elshaer, I., Moustafa, M., Sobaih, A. E., Aliedan, M., & Azazz, A. M. S. (2021). The Impact of Women’s Empowerment on Sustainable Tourism Development: Mediating Role of Tourism Involvement. Tourism Management Perspectives, 35, 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmp.2021.100815
Ertac, M., & Tanova, C. (2020). Flourishing Women Through Sustainable Tourism Entrepreneurship. Sustainability, 1–17. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12145643
Fauzi, A., (2019). Teknik Analisis Berkelanjutan. PT Gramedia Pustaka Utama, Jakarta.
Fauzi, A., & Ariyani, N. (2024). From Traditional to Thriving: Predicting Rural Tourism Sustainability in Water Based Tourism of Kedung Ombo, Indonesia Using Bayesian Networks. 35th Barcelona International Conference on Economics, Management, Education & Law (BEMEL-24). 37-45. https://doi.org/10.17758/HEAIG15.H0424503
Gerged, A. M., Tran, M., & Beddewela, E. S. (2023). Engendering Pro-Sustainable Performance Through a Multi-Layered Gender Diversity Criterion: Evidence from the Hospitality and Tourism Sector. Journal of Travel Research, 62(5), 1047–1076. https://doi.org/10.1177/00472875221111754
Giffoni, F., Salini, S., & Sirtori, E. (2022). Evaluating Business Support Measures: the Bayesian Network Approach. Evaluation. Vol. 24(2), 133–152 https://doi.org/10.1177/1356389018767179 ·
Hidayat, S. L., & Saskara, I. A. N. (2024). Analysis of Key Variables in Women’S Involvement in Supporting Sustainable Tourism in Penglipuran Village Bangli Regency. Ekonomis: Journal of Economics and Business, 8(1), 305–313. https://doi.org/10.33087/ekonomis.v8i1.1362
Ikhar, M. R., Banerjee, S., Bandhopadhyaya, K., Tiwari, M. K., & Deshmukh, P. (2022). Are Women with More of ‘Social Capital’ More Empowered? A Cross-Sectional Analysis from Rural Wardha, Central India. Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care, 11(2), 472-479. https://doi.org/10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_2495_20
Isfahani, R. N., Malmiri, A. T., BahooToroody, A., & Abaei, M. M. (2023). A Bayesian-Based Framework for Advanced Nature-Based Tourism Model. Journal of Asian Business and Economic Studies, 30(2), 86–104. https://doi.org/10.1108/JABES-11-2020-0119
Joo, D., Woosnam, K. M., Strzelecka, M., & Boley, B. B. (2020). Knowledge, Empowerment, And Action: Testing the Empowerment Theory in A Tourism Context. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 28(1), 69–85. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2019.1675673
Kaur, G., Singh, M., & Gupta, S. (2023). Analysis of Key Factors Influencing Individual Financial Well-Being Using ISM And MICMAC Approach. Quality and Quantity, 57(2), 1533–1559. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11135-022-01422-9
Khadijah, S. A. R. (2022). Pemberdayaan dan Keterlibatan Perempuan dalam Pembangunan Pariwisata Berkelanjutan. Warta Pariwisata, 20(1), 18–22. https://doi.org/10.5614/wpar.2022.20.1.05
Kimbal, R. W., Maru, M. G., Sinolungan, A., & Siwi, M. C. (2022). Women’s Social Capital. SHS Web of Conferences, 149, 1-7. https://doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/202214902043
Kusumadewi, E. S. Y., Sari, L. K., Sulaiman, A. I., Wuryaningsih, T., & Prastyanti, S. (2023). Women’s Participation in Tourist Village Empowerment. Journal of Digital Marketing and Communication, 3(1), 36–48. https://doi.org/10.53623/jdmc.v3i1.261
Kutlu, G., & Ngoasong, M. Z. (2024). A Framework for Gender Influences on Sustainable Business Models in Women’s Tourism Entrepreneurship: Doing and Re-Doing Gender. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 32(3), 500–518. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2023.2201878
Marre, J.-B., Ferraris, J., Badie, M., Leenhardt, P., Wuillemin, P.-H., & Chaboud, C. (2020). Using Bayesian Network Modeling to Cope with the Marine Protected Area Governance Issue. ICES Journal of Marine Science. 1-13. https://hal.sorbonne-universite.fr/hal-02441790
Nguyen, T. V. (2016). A Bayesian Belief Network Analysis of Factors Influencing the Propensity to Vietnamese Coffee Export. British Journal of Marketing Studies, 4(4), 16–27. www.eajournals.org
Pécot, M., Quijano, C.R., Khoo, C., Vázquez, M. A., Canales, D.B., Yang, E. C.L., & Tan, R. (2024). From Empowering Women to Being Empowered by Women: A Gendered Social Innovation Framework for Tourism-Led Development Initiatives. Tourism Management, 102, 104883 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2024.104883
Pickel-Chevalier, S., & Yanthy, P. S. (2023). Gender, Work, Tourism and Higher Education in Bali. Annals of Tourism Research. 100, 1-28. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2023.103574
Rasanjali, C., Sivashankar, P., & Mahaliyanaarachchi, R. P. (2021). Women Participation in Rural Tourism: A Case of Ella, Sri Lanka. Agraris, 7(2), 256–269. https://doi.org/10.18196/AGRARIS.V7I2.11294
Samad, S., & Alharthi, A. (2022). Untangling Factors Influencing Women Entrepreneurs’ Involvement in Tourism and Its Impact on Sustainable Tourism Development. Administrative Sciences. 12(2), 1-19. https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci12020052
Singh, R. K., Joshi, S., & Sharma, M. (2023). Modelling Supply Chain Flexibility in the Indian Personal Hygiene Industry: An ISM-Fuzzy MICMAC Approach. Global Business Review, 24(5), 1058–1075. https://doi.org/10.1177/0972150920923075
Suárez, P. V. (2018). Tourism as Empowerment: Women Artisan’s Experiences in Central Mexico. In Gender Equality and Tourism: Beyond Empowerment. 46-56. https://doi.org/10.1079/9781786394422.0046
Suartika, G. A. M. (2018). Global and Domestic Spheres: Impact on the Traditional Settlement of Penglipuran in Bali. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science. 123, 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/123/1/012014
Wijaya, P. Y., Kawiana, I. G. P., Suasih, N. N. R., Hartati, P. S., & Sumadi, N. K. (2020). SWOT and MICMAC Analysis to Determine the Development Strategy and Sustainability of The Bongkasa Pertiwi Tourism Village, Bali Province, Indonesia. Decision Science Letters, 9(3), 439–452. https://doi.org/10.5267/j.dsl.2020.3.002