Main Article Content
Abstract
The subjective experiences and perceptions of people when switching to cleaner cooking fuels are typically ignored in favor of objective indicators like respiratory health or time spent gathering firewood. Given that a sizable section of the populace still cooks using traditional biomass fuels while the country moves toward cleaner fuels like LPG and electricity, this research gap is particularly important in Indonesia. This study examines the association between the use of cleaner cooking fuels and two dimensions of subjective well-being: happiness and life satisfaction, using data from the most recent wave of the Indonesia Family Life Survey (IFLS). Propensity Score Matching (PSM) and Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) are used in this analysis to mitigate selection bias and precisely evaluate treatment effects. The empirical results reveal that the use of clean cooking fuel positively impacts an individual's subjective well-being, enhancing both happiness and life satisfaction. Individuals in rural areas get a more pronounced effect. The findings will offer important perspectives for decision-makers and interested parties focused on enhancing access to clean cooking energy and elevating subjective well-being in Indonesia, particularly in rural regions.
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References
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- Biermann, P. (2016). How fuel poverty affects subjective well-being: Panel evidence from Germany (Vol. 395, No. 16). Oldenburg Discussion Papers in Economics.
- Chen, H., Gu, S., Jia, C., Gu, H., Xu, Q., & Lin, Z. (2023). Effects of Household Clean Fuel Combustion on the Physical and Mental Health of the Elderly in Rural China. Sustainability, 15(10), 8275. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15108275.
- Churchill, S. A., Smyth, R., & Farrell, L. (2020). Fuel poverty and subjective wellbeing. Energy Economics, 86, 104650. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eneco.2019.104650.
- Deepthi, Y., Nagendra, S. S., & Gummadi, S. N. (2019). Characteristics of indoor air pollution and estimation of respiratory dosage under varied fuel-type and kitchen-type in the rural areas of Telangana state in India. Science of the Total Environment, 650, 616-625. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.08.381.
- Deng, Y., Zhao, H., Liu, Y., Liu, H., Shi, J., Zhao, C., & He, M. (2022). Association of using biomass fuel for cooking with depression and anxiety symptoms in older Chinese adults. Science of The Total Environment, 811, 152256. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152256.
- Diener, E. (2000). Subjective well-being: The science of happiness and a proposal for a national index. American psychologist, 55(1), 34–43. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.55.1.34.
- Dongzagla, A., & Adams, A. M. (2022). Determinants of urban household choice of cooking fuel in Ghana: Do socioeconomic and demographic factors matter? Energy, 256, 124613. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.energy.2022.124613.
- Gitaharie, B. Y., Nasrudin, R. A., Bonita, A. P. A., Putri, L. A. M., Rohman, M. A., & Handayani, D. (2022). Is there an ex-ante moral hazard on Indonesia’s health insurance? An impact analysis on household waste management behavior. Plos one, 17(12), e0276521. https://doi.org/ 10.1371/journal.pone.0276521.
- Gorjinezhad, S., Kerimray, A., Amouei Torkmahalleh, M., Keleş, M., Ozturk, F., & Hopke, P. K. (2017). Quantifying trace elements in the emitted particulate matter during cooking and health risk assessment. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 24(10), 9515-9529. https://doi.org/ 10.1007/s11356-017-8618-0.
- Hakam, D. F., Nugraha, H., Wicaksono, A., Rahadi, R. A., & Kanugrahan, S. P. (2022). Mega conversion from LPG to induction stove to achieve Indonesia's clean energy transition. Energy Strategy Reviews, 41, 100856. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.esr.2022.100856.
- Imelda. (2020). Cooking that kills: Cleaner energy access, indoor air pollution, and health. Journal of Development Economics, 147, 102548 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdeveco.2020.102548
- International Energy Agency. (2020). SDG7: Data and Projections: Access to clean cooking, accessed 1 December 2022.
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- Li, F., Chandio, A. A., Duan, Y., & Zang, D. (2022). How does clean energy consumption affect women’s health: new insights from China. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(13), 7943. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19137943.
- Li, N., Song, Q., Su, W., Guo, X., Wang, H., Liang, Q., Liang, M. Qu, G, Ding, X., Zhou, X., & Sun, Y. (2022). Exposure to indoor air pollution from solid fuel and its effect on depression: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 29(33), 49553-49567. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-20841-7.
- Liu, H. (2022). Health depreciation effect and medical cost effect of air pollution: based on multidimensional health perspective. Air Quality, Atmosphere & Health, 15(5), 877-892. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11869-022-01189-w.
- Liu, P., Han, C., & Teng, M. (2022). Does clean cooking energy improve mental health? Evidence from China. Energy Policy, 166, 113011. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2022.113011.
- Liu, Y., Chen, X., & Yan, Z. (2020). Depression in the house: the effects of household air pollution from solid fuel use among the middle-aged and older population in China. Science of the Total Environment, 703, 134706. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134706.
- Liu, Z., Li, J., Rommel, J., & Feng, S. (2020). Health impacts of cooking fuel choice in rural China. Energy economics, 89, 104811. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eneco.2020.104811.
- Luo, C., Qiang, W., & Lee, H. F. (2023). Does the low-carbon city pilot policy work in China? A company-level analysis based on the PSM-DID model. Journal of Environmental Management, 337, 117725. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.117725.
- Ma, W., Vatsa, P., & Zheng, H. (2022). Cooking fuel choices and subjective well-being in rural China: Implications for a complete energy transition. Energy Policy, 165, 112992 https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.enpol.2022.112992.
- Ma, W., & Zheng, H. (2021). Impacts of Cooking Fuel Choices on Subjective Well-Being: Insights from Rural China. In 2021 Conference, August 17-31, 2021, Virtual 315149. International Association of Agricultural Economists.
- Maji, P., Mehrabi, Z., & Kandlikar, M. (2021). Incomplete transitions to clean household energy reinforce gender inequality by lowering women’s respiratory health and household labour productivity. World Development, 139, 105309. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2020. 105309.
- Malakar, Y. (2018). Studying household decision-making context and cooking fuel transition in rural India. Energy for Sustainable Development, 43, 68-74. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.esd.2017.12. 006.
- Mall, R., & Rani, S. (2020). Women’s satisfaction with Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana (PMUY). Gen, 16, 14-55.
- Qiu, Y., Yang, F. A., & Lai, W. (2019). The impact of indoor air pollution on health outcomes and cognitive abilities: empirical evidence from China. Population and Environment, 40, 388-410. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11111-019-00317-6.
- Qiu, X., Jin, J., He, R., & Zhang, C. (2023). Do solid fuels for cooking lead to an increased prevalence of respiratory disease? Empirical evidence from rural China. Energy for Sustainable Development, 74, 297-308. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.esd.2023.03.020.
- Scott, N., Nsengiyaremye, J., Todd, J. F., & Leary, J. (2023). Cooking Fuel Choice and Wellbeing: A Global Perspective. Energies, 16(18), 6739. https://doi.org/10.3390/en16186739.
- Shao, J., Ge, T., Liu, Y., Zhao, Z., & Xia, Y. (2021). Longitudinal associations between household solid fuel use and depression in middle-aged and older Chinese population: A cohort study. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 209, 111833. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020. 111833.
- Shen, G., Ru, M., Du, W., Zhu, X., Zhong, Q., Chen, Y., Shen, H., Yun, X., Meng, W., Liu, J., Cheng, H., Hu, J., Guan, D., & Tao, S. (2019). Impacts of air pollutants from rural Chinese households under the rapid residential energy transition. Nature Communications, 10(1), 3405. https://doi.org/ 10.1038/s41467-019-11453-w.
- Thoday, K., Benjamin, P., Gan, M., & Puzzolo, E. (2018). The Mega Conversion Program from kerosene to LPG in Indonesia: Lessons learned and recommendations for future clean cooking energy expansion. Energy for Sustainable Development, 46, 71-81. https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.esd.2018.05.011.
- Twumasi, M. A., Jiang, Y., Addai, B., Asante, D., Liu, D., & Ding, Z. (2021). Determinants of household choice of cooking energy and the effect of clean cooking energy consumption on household members’ health status: The case of rural Ghana. Sustainable Production and Consumption, 28, 484-495. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.spc.2021.06.005.
- Yu, K., Qiu, G., Chan, K.H., Lam, K.B.H., Kurmi, O.P., Bennett, D.A. (2018). Association of solid fuels use with risk of cardiovascular and all-cause mortality in rural China. Jama, 319(13), 1351–1361. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2018.2151.
References
Ali, M. U., Yu, Y., Yousaf, B., Munir, M. A. M., Ullah, S., Zheng, C., Kuang, X., & Wong, M. H. (2021). Health impacts of indoor air pollution from household solid fuel on children and women. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 416, 126127. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126127.
A'yun, I. Q., & Umaroh, R. (2022). Polusi Udara dalam Ruangan dan Kondisi Kesehatan: Analisis Rumah Tangga Indonesia. Jurnal Ekonomi Dan Pembangunan Indonesia, 22(1), 16-26. https://doi.org/10.21002/jepi.2022.02.
Biermann, P. (2016). How fuel poverty affects subjective well-being: Panel evidence from Germany (Vol. 395, No. 16). Oldenburg Discussion Papers in Economics.
Chen, H., Gu, S., Jia, C., Gu, H., Xu, Q., & Lin, Z. (2023). Effects of Household Clean Fuel Combustion on the Physical and Mental Health of the Elderly in Rural China. Sustainability, 15(10), 8275. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15108275.
Churchill, S. A., Smyth, R., & Farrell, L. (2020). Fuel poverty and subjective wellbeing. Energy Economics, 86, 104650. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eneco.2019.104650.
Deepthi, Y., Nagendra, S. S., & Gummadi, S. N. (2019). Characteristics of indoor air pollution and estimation of respiratory dosage under varied fuel-type and kitchen-type in the rural areas of Telangana state in India. Science of the Total Environment, 650, 616-625. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.08.381.
Deng, Y., Zhao, H., Liu, Y., Liu, H., Shi, J., Zhao, C., & He, M. (2022). Association of using biomass fuel for cooking with depression and anxiety symptoms in older Chinese adults. Science of The Total Environment, 811, 152256. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152256.
Diener, E. (2000). Subjective well-being: The science of happiness and a proposal for a national index. American psychologist, 55(1), 34–43. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.55.1.34.
Dongzagla, A., & Adams, A. M. (2022). Determinants of urban household choice of cooking fuel in Ghana: Do socioeconomic and demographic factors matter? Energy, 256, 124613. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.energy.2022.124613.
Gitaharie, B. Y., Nasrudin, R. A., Bonita, A. P. A., Putri, L. A. M., Rohman, M. A., & Handayani, D. (2022). Is there an ex-ante moral hazard on Indonesia’s health insurance? An impact analysis on household waste management behavior. Plos one, 17(12), e0276521. https://doi.org/ 10.1371/journal.pone.0276521.
Gorjinezhad, S., Kerimray, A., Amouei Torkmahalleh, M., Keleş, M., Ozturk, F., & Hopke, P. K. (2017). Quantifying trace elements in the emitted particulate matter during cooking and health risk assessment. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 24(10), 9515-9529. https://doi.org/ 10.1007/s11356-017-8618-0.
Hakam, D. F., Nugraha, H., Wicaksono, A., Rahadi, R. A., & Kanugrahan, S. P. (2022). Mega conversion from LPG to induction stove to achieve Indonesia's clean energy transition. Energy Strategy Reviews, 41, 100856. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.esr.2022.100856.
Imelda. (2020). Cooking that kills: Cleaner energy access, indoor air pollution, and health. Journal of Development Economics, 147, 102548 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdeveco.2020.102548
International Energy Agency. (2020). SDG7: Data and Projections: Access to clean cooking, accessed 1 December 2022.
Kurata, M., Takahashi, K., & Hibiki, A. (2020). Gender differences in associations of household and ambient air pollution with child health: Evidence from household and satellite-based data in Bangladesh. World Development, 128, 104779. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2019. 104779.
Li, C., Zhou, Y., & Ding, L. (2021). Effects of long-term household air pollution exposure from solid fuel use on depression: Evidence from national longitudinal surveys from 2011 to 2018. Environmental Pollution, 283, 117350. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117350.
Li, F., Chandio, A. A., Duan, Y., & Zang, D. (2022). How does clean energy consumption affect women’s health: new insights from China. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(13), 7943. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19137943.
Li, N., Song, Q., Su, W., Guo, X., Wang, H., Liang, Q., Liang, M. Qu, G, Ding, X., Zhou, X., & Sun, Y. (2022). Exposure to indoor air pollution from solid fuel and its effect on depression: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 29(33), 49553-49567. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-20841-7.
Liu, H. (2022). Health depreciation effect and medical cost effect of air pollution: based on multidimensional health perspective. Air Quality, Atmosphere & Health, 15(5), 877-892. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11869-022-01189-w.
Liu, P., Han, C., & Teng, M. (2022). Does clean cooking energy improve mental health? Evidence from China. Energy Policy, 166, 113011. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2022.113011.
Liu, Y., Chen, X., & Yan, Z. (2020). Depression in the house: the effects of household air pollution from solid fuel use among the middle-aged and older population in China. Science of the Total Environment, 703, 134706. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134706.
Liu, Z., Li, J., Rommel, J., & Feng, S. (2020). Health impacts of cooking fuel choice in rural China. Energy economics, 89, 104811. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eneco.2020.104811.
Luo, C., Qiang, W., & Lee, H. F. (2023). Does the low-carbon city pilot policy work in China? A company-level analysis based on the PSM-DID model. Journal of Environmental Management, 337, 117725. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.117725.
Ma, W., Vatsa, P., & Zheng, H. (2022). Cooking fuel choices and subjective well-being in rural China: Implications for a complete energy transition. Energy Policy, 165, 112992 https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.enpol.2022.112992.
Ma, W., & Zheng, H. (2021). Impacts of Cooking Fuel Choices on Subjective Well-Being: Insights from Rural China. In 2021 Conference, August 17-31, 2021, Virtual 315149. International Association of Agricultural Economists.
Maji, P., Mehrabi, Z., & Kandlikar, M. (2021). Incomplete transitions to clean household energy reinforce gender inequality by lowering women’s respiratory health and household labour productivity. World Development, 139, 105309. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2020. 105309.
Malakar, Y. (2018). Studying household decision-making context and cooking fuel transition in rural India. Energy for Sustainable Development, 43, 68-74. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.esd.2017.12. 006.
Mall, R., & Rani, S. (2020). Women’s satisfaction with Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana (PMUY). Gen, 16, 14-55.
Qiu, Y., Yang, F. A., & Lai, W. (2019). The impact of indoor air pollution on health outcomes and cognitive abilities: empirical evidence from China. Population and Environment, 40, 388-410. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11111-019-00317-6.
Qiu, X., Jin, J., He, R., & Zhang, C. (2023). Do solid fuels for cooking lead to an increased prevalence of respiratory disease? Empirical evidence from rural China. Energy for Sustainable Development, 74, 297-308. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.esd.2023.03.020.
Scott, N., Nsengiyaremye, J., Todd, J. F., & Leary, J. (2023). Cooking Fuel Choice and Wellbeing: A Global Perspective. Energies, 16(18), 6739. https://doi.org/10.3390/en16186739.
Shao, J., Ge, T., Liu, Y., Zhao, Z., & Xia, Y. (2021). Longitudinal associations between household solid fuel use and depression in middle-aged and older Chinese population: A cohort study. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 209, 111833. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020. 111833.
Shen, G., Ru, M., Du, W., Zhu, X., Zhong, Q., Chen, Y., Shen, H., Yun, X., Meng, W., Liu, J., Cheng, H., Hu, J., Guan, D., & Tao, S. (2019). Impacts of air pollutants from rural Chinese households under the rapid residential energy transition. Nature Communications, 10(1), 3405. https://doi.org/ 10.1038/s41467-019-11453-w.
Thoday, K., Benjamin, P., Gan, M., & Puzzolo, E. (2018). The Mega Conversion Program from kerosene to LPG in Indonesia: Lessons learned and recommendations for future clean cooking energy expansion. Energy for Sustainable Development, 46, 71-81. https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.esd.2018.05.011.
Twumasi, M. A., Jiang, Y., Addai, B., Asante, D., Liu, D., & Ding, Z. (2021). Determinants of household choice of cooking energy and the effect of clean cooking energy consumption on household members’ health status: The case of rural Ghana. Sustainable Production and Consumption, 28, 484-495. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.spc.2021.06.005.
Yu, K., Qiu, G., Chan, K.H., Lam, K.B.H., Kurmi, O.P., Bennett, D.A. (2018). Association of solid fuels use with risk of cardiovascular and all-cause mortality in rural China. Jama, 319(13), 1351–1361. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2018.2151.