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Abstract
This study offers an empirical assessment of the sustainable livelihood components among rural households in South Sumatra, contributing original insights into how different livelihood capitals interact with household well-being. The research aims to analyze the vulnerability context, evaluate the sustainability level of various livelihood assets, and examine the relationship between livelihood capitals and outcomes. Using a quantitative approach within the sustainable livelihood framework, data were collected from households in two villages: mainland and coastal areas. The findings indicate that the overall livelihood sustainability of rural households in both locations falls within the medium category. Physical and natural capitals were the most dominant assets, while financial capital was at a moderate level, and social and human capitals were considerably underdeveloped. The low levels of education among respondents were closely linked to the limited accumulation of human and social capital. Further analysis revealed that certain livelihood assets, particularly social and natural capital, had a significant association with household health status, reflecting a tangible impact on livelihood outcomes. These findings underscore the need for targeted policy interventions that prioritize human capital development and community-based social strengthening to enhance overall livelihood sustainability in rural areas.
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References
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References
Adam, L., & Negara, S. D. (2015). Improving Human Capital through Better Education to Support Indonesia’s Economic Development. Economics and Finance in Indonesia, 61(2), 92. https://doi.org/10.7454/efi.v61i2.506
Ahmed, N., Troell, M., Allison, E. H., & Muir, J. F. (2010). Prawn postlarvae fishing in coastal Bangladesh: Challenges for sustainable livelihoods. Marine Policy, 34(2), 218–227. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2009.06.008
Campbell, S. (2019). National identity among economic and non-economic immigrants. Review of Economics of the Household, 17(2), 411–438. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11150-018-9439-8
Deng, Q. Q., Li, E., & Zhang, P. Y. (2020). Livelihood sustainability and dynamic mechanisms of rural households out of poverty: An empirical analysis of Hua County, Henan Province, China. Habitat International, 99(102160). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.habitatint.2020.102160
Feuerbacher, A., McDonald, S., Dukpa, C., & Grethe, H. (2020). Seasonal rural labor markets and their relevance to policy analyses in developing countries. Food Policy, 93, 101875. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodpol.2020.101875
Gai, A. M., Poerwati, T., Maghfirah, F., & Sir, M. M. (2020). Analysis of Sustainable Livelihood level and its Influence on Community Vulnerability of Surumana Village, Central Sulawesi. Journal of Regional and Rural Development Planning, 4(3), 209–220. https://doi.org/ 10.29244/jp2wd.2020.4.3.209-220
Gai, A. M., Soewarni, I., & Sir, M. M. (2018). The concept of community poverty reduction in coastal area of Surabaya based on sustainable livelihood approach. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 137(1). https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/137/1/012099
Guo, M., Xie, M., & Xu, G. (2023). Sustainable Livelihood Evaluation and Influencing Factors of Rural Households: A Case Study of Beijing Ecological Conservation Areas. Sustainability (Switzerland), 15(13). https://doi.org/10.3390/su151310743
Hua, X., Yan, J., & Zhang, Y. (2017). Evaluating the role of livelihood assets in suitable livelihood strategies: Protocol for anti-poverty policy in the Eastern Tibetan Plateau, China. Ecological Indicators, 78, 62–74. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2017.03.009
Komikouma, A. W. N., Tnsue, G., & Kaiyu, L. (2021). Determinants of participation in non-farm activities and its effect on household income: An empirical study in Ethiopia. Journal of Development and Agricultural Economics, 13(1), 72–92. https://doi.org/10.5897/ jdae2020.1231
Li, L., Li, X., Hai, B., Wang, X., & Xu, J. (2020). Evolution of rural settlement in an inland nonmetropolitan region of China at a time of rapid urbanisation: The case of Gongyi. Journal of Rural Studies, 79, 45–56. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrurstud.2020.08.003
Manlosa, A. O., Hanspach, J., Schultner, J., Dorresteijn, I., & Fischer, J. (2019). Livelihood strategies, capital assets, and food security in rural Southwest Ethiopia. Food Security, 11(1), 167–181. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12571-018-00883-x
Mara, I., & Landesmann, M. (2022). Basic relationships between human capital, migration and labour markets in the Western Balkans: An econometric investigation. International Migration, March. https://doi.org/10.1111/imig.13025
Martinez-Baron, D., Alarcón de Antón, M., Martinez Salgado, J. D., & Castellanos, A. E. (2024). Climate-smart agriculture reduces capital-based livelihoods vulnerability: evidence from Latin America. Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems, 8(July), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.3389/ fsufs.2024.1363101
Mulyasari, G., Djarot, I. N., Sasongko, N. A., & Putra, A. S. (2023). Social-life cycle assessment of oil palm plantation smallholders in Bengkulu province, Indonesia. Heliyon, 9(8), e19123. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e19123
Natarajan, N., Newsham, A., Rigg, J., & Suhardiman, D. (2022). A sustainable livelihoods framework for the 21st century. World Development, 155, 105898. https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.worlddev.2022.105898
Paul, S., Das, T. K., Pharung, R., Ray, S., Mridha, N., Kalita, N., Ralte, V., Borthakur, S., Burman, R. R., Tripathi, A. K., & Singh, A. K. (2020). Development of an indicator based composite measure to assess livelihood sustainability of shifting cultivation dependent ethnic minorities in the disadvantageous Northeastern region of India. Ecological Indicators, 110(February 2019), 105934. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2019.105934
Pour, M. D., Barati, A. A., Azadi, H., & Scheffran, J. (2018). Revealing the role of livelihood assets in livelihood strategies: Towards enhancing conservation and livelihood development in the Hara Biosphere Reserve, Iran. Ecological Indicators, 94(May), 336–347. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.ecolind.2018.05.074
Rabbani, M. M. G., Cotton, M., & Friend, R. (2022). Climate change and non-migration — exploring the role of place relations in rural and coastal Bangladesh. Population and Environment, 44(1–2), 99–122. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11111-022-00402-3
Rahman, M. M., Belal, M. E. I., Hossen, M. A., Tabassum, N. H., Mehzabin, J., Mumu, M. N. S., Islam, M. T., & Begum, S. (2024). Assessing the Climate Induced Livelihood Vulnerability of Coastal People Using Sustainable Livelihood Framework: A Study in South-Central Bangladesh. Social Sciences, 13(12). https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci13120638
Srijuntrapun, P. A. (2012). Sustainable Livelihood Approach in a World Heritage Area: Ayutthaya, Thailand. Lincoln University.
Su, F., Song, N., Ma, N., Sultanaliev, A., Ma, J., Xue, B., & Fahad, S. (2021). An assessment of poverty alleviation measures and sustainable livelihood capability of farm households in rural China: a sustainable livelihood approach. Agriculture, 11(12), 1230. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture 11121230
Sujakhu, N. M., Ranjitkar, S., Niraula, R. R., Salim, M. A., Nizami, A., Schmidt-Vogt, D., & Xu, J. (2018). Determinants of livelihood vulnerability in farming communities in two sites in the Asian Highlands. Water International, 43(2), 165–182. https://doi.org/10.1080/02508060. 2017.1416445
Tabares, A., Londoño-Pineda, A., Cano, J. A., & Gómez-Montoya, R. (2022). Rural entrepreneurship: An analysis of current and emerging issues from the sustainable livelihood framework. Economies, 10(6), 142. https://doi.org/10.3390/economies10060142
Tran, D. D., Huu, L. H., Hoang, L. P., Pham, T. D., & Nguyen, A. H. (2021). Sustainability of rice-based livelihoods in the upper floodplains of Vietnamese Mekong Delta: Prospects and challenges. Agricultural Water Management, 243(June 2020), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.agwat.2020.106495
Udoh, E. J., Akpan, S. B., & Uko, E. F. (2017). Assessment of Sustainable Livelihood Assets of Farming Households in Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. Journal of Sustainable Development, 10(4), 83. https://doi.org/10.5539/jsd.v10n4p83
Wang, W., Gong, J., Wang, Y., & Shen, Y. (2022). The Causal Pathway of Rural Human Settlement, Livelihood Capital, and Agricultural Land Transfer Decision-Making: Is It Regional Consistency? Land, 11(7), 1–24. https://doi.org/10.3390/land11071077
Ye, W., Wang, Y., Yang, X., & Wu, K. (2022). Understanding Sustainable Livelihoods with a Framework Linking Livelihood Vulnerability and Resilience in the Semiarid Loess Plateau of China. Land, 11(9). https://doi.org/10.3390/land11091500
Yuliana, S. A., Yulianita, A., Muhyiddin, N. T., & Bashir, A. (2017). The Linkage of Human and Money Flows to Rural-Urban Fringe Poverty in South Sumatra, Indonesia: In an Islamic Perspective. International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues, 7(4), 237-243.
Yunisvita, Y., Zainal Ridho, S. L., & Yulianita, A. (2017). Full-time Work Determinants in Rural Urban Fringe. International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues, 7(4), 225–228.
Zhao, Y., Fan, J., Liang, B., & Zhang, L. (2019). Evaluation of sustainable livelihoods in the context of disaster vulnerability: A case study of Shenzha County in Tibet, China. Sustainability (Switzerland), 11(10). https://doi.org/10.3390/su11102874