Article Sidebar

Submitted
November 1, 2019
Accepted
March 6, 2020
Published
July 12, 2020
Download
PDF
Statistic
Read Counter : 571 Download : 561

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Main Article Content

Abstract

Cocoa is one of the leading commodities from the plantation sub-sector in Indonesia. At the world level, Indonesia is the third-largest producer of cocoa beans after Côte d’Ivoire and Ghana (FAO, 2017). However, Indonesia still exports cocoa in the form of (raw) beans which results in the loss of added value and not developing the domestic cocoa industry. For this reason, the government issued No. 67/PMK.011/ 2010 concerning the imposition of Export Levy and Export Levy Tariffs to suppress the export of cocoa beans and then increase the competitiveness of processed cocoa exports. The purpose of this study was to determine the competitiveness performance of Indonesian processed cocoa to Germany and what factors influenced the export competitiveness in 1992-2017. This study uses secondary data from various sources that were analyzed using Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA) and Error Correction Mechanism (ECM). The analysis shows that in the long run the variable exchange rate, world cocoa prices, and dummy export duty significantly affect competitiveness while in the short term, population variables and world cocoa prices significantly influence competitiveness.

Keywords

Cocoa Export RCA Competitiveness

Article Details

License

Authors who publish with this journal agree to the terms:

Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.

Creative Commons License

Jurnal Ekonomi Pembangunan is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License..

How to Cite
Hapsari, T. T., & Yuniasih, A. F. (2020). The determinant factors of Indonesian competitiveness of cocoa exports to Germany. Jurnal Ekonomi Pembangunan, 18(1), 75–84. https://doi.org/10.29259/jep.v18i1.9978
Download Citation
Endnote/Zotero/Mendeley (RIS)
BibTeX

References

  1. Afrianingsih, P., Osmet, Rsuda K. (2012). Pengaruh kebijakan pajak ekspor (bea keluar) terhadap variabel-variabel perdagangan biji kakao Indonesia. Andalas University.
  2. Agung, A. S., Ishak, Z., Asngari, I., & Bashir, A. (2019). The effect of ASEAN-Korea Free Trade Agreement (AKFTA) on Indonesia Trade: A Gravity model approach. Jurnal Ekonomi Pembangunan, 17(1), 1-7. DOI: https://doi.org/10.29259/jep.v17i1.8916.
  3. Badan Pusat Statistik. (2017). Statistik kakao Indonesia 2017. BPS
  4. Balassa, Bela. (1965). Trade liberalisation and “revealed” comparative advantage. The Manchester School, 33(2), 99-123. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9957.1965.tb00050.x
  5. Darmansyah, S. (1986). Analisis perdagangan kopi Indonesia di pasar kopi internasional. Bogor: IPB University.
  6. Departemen Perindustrian Republik Indonesia. (2007). Gambaran sekilas industri kakao. Jakarta: Departemen Perindustrian.
  7. Direktorat Jendral Perkebunan Kementerian Pertanian. (2014). Statistik perkebunan Indonesia 2013–2015: Kakao. Direktorat Jenderal Perkebunan Kementerian Pertanian.
  8. Dunmore, J.C. (1987). Competitiveness and comparative advantage of U.S. agriculture. Increasing Understanding of Public Problems and Policies 1986. 21-34.
  9. Enders. W. (2015). Applied econometric time series, (4th edition). New York: John Wiley & Son.
  10. Esterhuizen, D., & Rooyen S. J. (2012). Measurement and analysis of the trends in competitive performance: South African agribusiness during the 2000’s. Journal of Applied Management and Investments,1(4), 426-434.
  11. Eurostat. (2017). Where does your easter chocolate come from? European Commission. https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/products-eurostat-news/-/EDN-20170414-1
  12. Gujarati, Damodar. (2004). Basic Econometrics (4th edition). New York: McGraw-Hill.
  13. Hanafi, Ridwan. (2016). Pengaruh pemberlakuan kebijakan bea keluar terhadap produksi biji kakao dan ekspor produk kakao Indonesia. IPB University.
  14. Hasibuan, A. M., Nurmalina, R., & Wahyudi, A. (2012). Analisis kinerja dan daya saing perdagangan biji kakao dan produk kakao olahan Indonesia di pasar internasional. Buletin Riset Tanaman Rempah dan Aneka Tanaman Industri, 3(1), 57-70. http://dx.doi.org/10.21082/jtidp.v3n1.2012.p57-70
  15. ICCO. (2017). Cocoa market review. Quarterly bulletin of cocoa statistics, 43 (1). ICCO.
  17. Jongwanich J. & A. Kohpaiboon. (2008). Private investment: trends and determinants in Thailand. World Development, 36(10), 1709 – 1724. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2008.01.010
  18. Kementerian Perdagangan. (2013). Market brIef kakao dan olahannya di pasar Jerman. ITPC Hamburg.
  19. Kementerian Pertanian Republik Indonesia. (2016). Outlook kakao. Jakarta: Kementerian Pertanian.
  20. Kim, Misu (2019). Export competitiveness of India’s textiles and clothing sector in the United States. Economies, 7(47), 1-17. https://doi.org/10.3390/economies7020047
  21. Lindert, Peter H., Charles P. Kindleberger. International Economics. Jakarta: Erlangga.
  22. Mankiw, N. Gregory. (2006). Macroeconomics. (6th edition). Jakarta: Erlangga.
  23. Porter, Michael E. (1990). The competitive advantage of nation. Harvard Bussiness Review, 68(2), 73-91.
  24. Salvatore, Dominick. (1995). International Economics. (5th edition). New York: Prentice-Hall.
  25. Soekartawi. (1993). Agribisnis: teori dan aplikasinya. Jakarta: Raja Grafindo Persada.
  26. Statista. (2017). Global chocolate consumption per capita in 2017, by country. Satista. https://www.statista.com/statistics/819288/worldwide-chocolateconsumption-by-country.
  27. UN Comtrade. (2018). Download trade data. UN Comtrade: International Trade Statistics https://comtrade.un.org/data.
  28. Vollrath, Thomas. (1985). Dynamics of comparative advantage and the resistance to free trade. U.S. Department of Agriculture. Foreign Agricultural Economics Report, 214. https://doi.org/10.22004/ag.econ.147534
  29. Wongpit, Piya. (2011). Export performance, comparative advantage and factors determining comparative advantage of manufacturing industries in Thailand. National University of Laos.
  30. Zakariya, M. (2016). Pengaruh produksi, harga, dan nilai tukar terhadap volume ekspor. Jurnal Administrasi Bisnis, 40(2), 139-145.