Main Article Content
Abstract
This study examines the elderly welfare in Wonogiri Regency, Indonesia, using a multidimensional framework based on the Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI). The study begins with a comprehensive analysis of the elderly welfare in rural and semi-urban. Utilized National Socioeconomic Survey (SUSENAS) data collected between 2021 and 2023, the study employs a binary logistic regression model, which uniquely combines dimensions such as social assistance, internet technology use, social participation, regional classification, and income to assess the elderly welfare in rural Indonesia, where structural inequalities are more pronounced. Empirical findings indicate that internet use, social assistance, income, and urban residence has the positive relationship and significant effect on elderly welfare. Surprisingly, social participation exhibits a significant negative relationship, suggesting potential underlying stressors. These practical implications highlight the need for targeted digital inclusion, enhanced social protection, and income-generating programs for older adults in rural areas, which could inform more effective and region-sensitive policy interventions in developing countries.
Keywords
Article Details

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the terms:
Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
Jurnal Ekonomi Pembangunan is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License..
References
- Allen, P., Pilar, M., Walsh-Bailey, C., Hooley, C., Mazzucca, S., Lewis, C. C., Mettert, K. D., Dorsey, C. N., Purtle, J., Kepper, M. M., Baumann, A. A., & Brownson, R. C. (2020). Quantitative measures of health policy implementation determinants and outcomes: A systematic review. Implementation Science, 15(1), 47. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13012-020-01007-w
- Álvarez-Gálvez, J., Carretero-Bravo, J., Suárez-Lledó, V., Ortega-Martín, E., Ramos-Fiol, B., Lagares-Franco, C., O’Ferrall-González, C., Almenara-Barrios, J., & González-Caballero, J. L. (2022). Social inequalities in multimorbidity patterns in Europe: A multilevel latent class analysis using the European Social Survey (ESS). SSM - Population Health, 20, 101268. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssmph.2022.101268
- Bogam, R. R., Chavan, V. M., & Rani, C. U. (2023). Awareness and utilization of social welfare schemes among elderly villagers of Mahabubnagar rural region in Telangana State of India – An interventional study approach. Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care, 12(9), 2058–2063. https://doi.org/10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_753_23
- Bolina, A. F., & Tavares, D. M. D. S. (2016). Living arrangements of the elderly and the sociodemographic and health determinants: A longitudinal study. Revista Latino-Americana de Enfermagem, 24(0). https://doi.org/10.1590/1518-8345.0668.2737
- Chi, Z., Lun, H., Ma, J., & Zhou, Y. (2024). Income inequality and healthcare utilization of the older adults-based on a study in three provinces and six cities in China. Frontiers in Public Health, 12, 1435162. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2024.1435162
- Dawson-Townsend, K. (2019). Social participation patterns and their associations with health and well-being for older adults. SSM - Population Health, 8, 100424. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssmph.2019.100424
- Geigl, C., Loss, J., Leitzmann, M., & Janssen, C. (2023). Social factors of health-related quality of life in older adults: A multivariable analysis. Quality of Life Research, 32(11), 3257–3268. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11136-023-03472-4
- Kong, L.-N., Zhang, N., Yuan, C., Yu, Z.-Y., Yuan, W., & Zhang, G.-L. (2021). Relationship of social support and health-related quality of life among migrant older adults: The mediating role of psychological resilience. Geriatric Nursing, 42(1), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gerinurse.2020.10.019
- Liao, Z., Zhou, H., & He, Z. (2022). The mediating role of psychological resilience between social participation and life satisfaction among older adults in China. BMC Geriatrics, 22(1), 948. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-022-03635-x
- Liebzeit, D., Krupp, A., Bunch, J., Tonelli, S., Griffin, E., McVeigh, S., Chi, N., Jaboob, S., Nakad, L., Arbaje, A. I., & Buck, H. (2023). Rural age‐friendly ecosystems for older adults: An international scoping review with recommendations to support age‐friendly communities. Health Science Reports, 6(5), e1241. https://doi.org/10.1002/hsr2.1241
- Lu, P., Shelley, M., & Liu, Y.-L. (2021). Government Transfers and Poverty Alleviation among Older Adults in the United States from 2002 to 2014. Social Policy and Society, 20(4), 561–579. https://doi.org/10.1017/S147474642000041X
- Ma, X., Piao, X., & Oshio, T. (2020). Impact of social participation on health among middle-aged and elderly adults: Evidence from longitudinal survey data in China. BMC Public Health, 20(1), 502. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-020-08650-4
- Pilleron, S., Soto‐Perez‐de‐Celis, E., Vignat, J., Ferlay, J., Soerjomataram, I., Bray, F., & Sarfati, D. (2021). Estimated global cancer incidence in the oldest adults in 2018 and projections to 2050. International Journal of Cancer, 148(3), 601-608.
- Prince, M. J., Lloyd-Sherlock, P., Guerra, M., Huang, Y., Sosa, A. L., Uwakwe, R., Acosta, I., Liu, Z., Gallardo, S., Guerchet, M., Mayston, R., De Oca, V. M., Wang, H., & Ezeah, P. (2016). The economic status of older people’s households in urban and rural settings in Peru, Mexico and China: A 10/66 INDEP study cross-sectional survey. SpringerPlus, 5(1), 258. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40064-016-1913-2
- Razavi, S. (2022). Making the right to social security a reality for all workers. The Indian Journal of Labour Economics, 65(2), 269-294.
- Rugel, E. J., Chow, C. K., Corsi, D. J., Hystad, P., Rangarajan, S., Yusuf, S., & Lear, S. A. (2022). Developing indicators of age-friendly neighbourhood environments for urban and rural communities across 20 low-, middle-, and high-income countries. BMC Public Health, 22(1), 87. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-021-12438-5
- Santhosh, R., Kakade, S. V., & Durgawale, P. (2024). Determinants of multimorbidity among elderly population in maharashtra, India: Logistic regression analysis. Journal of Education and Health Promotion, 13(1). https://doi.org/10.4103/jehp.jehp_1481_23
- Sen, K., Prybutok, V., & Prybutok, G. (2020). Determinants of social inclusion and their effect on the wellbeing of older adults. Innovation in Aging, 4(Supplement_1), 319–319. https://doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.1021
- Smith, N. R., Levy, D. E., Falbe, J., Purtle, J., & Chriqui, J. F. (2024). Design considerations for developing measures of policy implementation in quantitative evaluations of public health policy. Frontiers in Health Services, 4, 1322702. https://doi.org/10.3389/frhs.2024.1322702
- Tomioka, K., Kurumatani, N., & Hosoi, H. (2017). Positive and negative influences of social participation on physical and mental health among community-dwelling elderly aged 65–70 years: A cross-sectional study in Japan. BMC Geriatrics, 17(1), 111. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-017-0502-8
- Xu, X., Cui, Y., Cai, Y., Asante Antwi, H., Zhou, L., & Bangura, J. N. (2021). Effects of Personal Ability and Social Welfare on the Health of Rural-to-Urban Elderly Migrants: An Empirical Analysis from Jiangsu Province, China. Healthcare, 9(12), 1760. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare9121760
- Zeng, W., Zhao, P., Zhao, Y., & Saddique, R. (2022). The multidimensional relative poverty of rural older adults in China and the effect of the health poverty alleviation policy. Frontiers in Public Health, 10, 793673. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2022.793673
- Zhao, J., Liu, X., Gao, Y., Li, D., Liu, F., Zhou, J., Zha, F., & Wang, Y. (2024). Estimates of multidimensional poverty and its determinants among older people in rural China: Evidence from a multicenter cross-sectional survey. BMC Geriatrics, 24(1), 835. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-024-05413-3
- Zhou, L., Zhu, C., Walsh, C. A., & Zhang, X. (2023). Assessing the effect of health status on multidimensional poverty among older adults: The Chinese longitudinal healthy longevity survey. Frontiers in Public Health, 11, 1150344. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2023.1150344
- Zhou, Z., Zhou, Z., Gao, J., Lai, S., & Chen, G. (2018). Urban-rural difference in the associations between living arrangements and the health-related quality of life (HRQOL) of the elderly in China—Evidence from Shaanxi province. PLOS ONE, 13(9), e0204118. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0204118
References
Allen, P., Pilar, M., Walsh-Bailey, C., Hooley, C., Mazzucca, S., Lewis, C. C., Mettert, K. D., Dorsey, C. N., Purtle, J., Kepper, M. M., Baumann, A. A., & Brownson, R. C. (2020). Quantitative measures of health policy implementation determinants and outcomes: A systematic review. Implementation Science, 15(1), 47. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13012-020-01007-w
Álvarez-Gálvez, J., Carretero-Bravo, J., Suárez-Lledó, V., Ortega-Martín, E., Ramos-Fiol, B., Lagares-Franco, C., O’Ferrall-González, C., Almenara-Barrios, J., & González-Caballero, J. L. (2022). Social inequalities in multimorbidity patterns in Europe: A multilevel latent class analysis using the European Social Survey (ESS). SSM - Population Health, 20, 101268. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssmph.2022.101268
Bogam, R. R., Chavan, V. M., & Rani, C. U. (2023). Awareness and utilization of social welfare schemes among elderly villagers of Mahabubnagar rural region in Telangana State of India – An interventional study approach. Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care, 12(9), 2058–2063. https://doi.org/10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_753_23
Bolina, A. F., & Tavares, D. M. D. S. (2016). Living arrangements of the elderly and the sociodemographic and health determinants: A longitudinal study. Revista Latino-Americana de Enfermagem, 24(0). https://doi.org/10.1590/1518-8345.0668.2737
Chi, Z., Lun, H., Ma, J., & Zhou, Y. (2024). Income inequality and healthcare utilization of the older adults-based on a study in three provinces and six cities in China. Frontiers in Public Health, 12, 1435162. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2024.1435162
Dawson-Townsend, K. (2019). Social participation patterns and their associations with health and well-being for older adults. SSM - Population Health, 8, 100424. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssmph.2019.100424
Geigl, C., Loss, J., Leitzmann, M., & Janssen, C. (2023). Social factors of health-related quality of life in older adults: A multivariable analysis. Quality of Life Research, 32(11), 3257–3268. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11136-023-03472-4
Kong, L.-N., Zhang, N., Yuan, C., Yu, Z.-Y., Yuan, W., & Zhang, G.-L. (2021). Relationship of social support and health-related quality of life among migrant older adults: The mediating role of psychological resilience. Geriatric Nursing, 42(1), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gerinurse.2020.10.019
Liao, Z., Zhou, H., & He, Z. (2022). The mediating role of psychological resilience between social participation and life satisfaction among older adults in China. BMC Geriatrics, 22(1), 948. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-022-03635-x
Liebzeit, D., Krupp, A., Bunch, J., Tonelli, S., Griffin, E., McVeigh, S., Chi, N., Jaboob, S., Nakad, L., Arbaje, A. I., & Buck, H. (2023). Rural age‐friendly ecosystems for older adults: An international scoping review with recommendations to support age‐friendly communities. Health Science Reports, 6(5), e1241. https://doi.org/10.1002/hsr2.1241
Lu, P., Shelley, M., & Liu, Y.-L. (2021). Government Transfers and Poverty Alleviation among Older Adults in the United States from 2002 to 2014. Social Policy and Society, 20(4), 561–579. https://doi.org/10.1017/S147474642000041X
Ma, X., Piao, X., & Oshio, T. (2020). Impact of social participation on health among middle-aged and elderly adults: Evidence from longitudinal survey data in China. BMC Public Health, 20(1), 502. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-020-08650-4
Pilleron, S., Soto‐Perez‐de‐Celis, E., Vignat, J., Ferlay, J., Soerjomataram, I., Bray, F., & Sarfati, D. (2021). Estimated global cancer incidence in the oldest adults in 2018 and projections to 2050. International Journal of Cancer, 148(3), 601-608.
Prince, M. J., Lloyd-Sherlock, P., Guerra, M., Huang, Y., Sosa, A. L., Uwakwe, R., Acosta, I., Liu, Z., Gallardo, S., Guerchet, M., Mayston, R., De Oca, V. M., Wang, H., & Ezeah, P. (2016). The economic status of older people’s households in urban and rural settings in Peru, Mexico and China: A 10/66 INDEP study cross-sectional survey. SpringerPlus, 5(1), 258. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40064-016-1913-2
Razavi, S. (2022). Making the right to social security a reality for all workers. The Indian Journal of Labour Economics, 65(2), 269-294.
Rugel, E. J., Chow, C. K., Corsi, D. J., Hystad, P., Rangarajan, S., Yusuf, S., & Lear, S. A. (2022). Developing indicators of age-friendly neighbourhood environments for urban and rural communities across 20 low-, middle-, and high-income countries. BMC Public Health, 22(1), 87. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-021-12438-5
Santhosh, R., Kakade, S. V., & Durgawale, P. (2024). Determinants of multimorbidity among elderly population in maharashtra, India: Logistic regression analysis. Journal of Education and Health Promotion, 13(1). https://doi.org/10.4103/jehp.jehp_1481_23
Sen, K., Prybutok, V., & Prybutok, G. (2020). Determinants of social inclusion and their effect on the wellbeing of older adults. Innovation in Aging, 4(Supplement_1), 319–319. https://doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.1021
Smith, N. R., Levy, D. E., Falbe, J., Purtle, J., & Chriqui, J. F. (2024). Design considerations for developing measures of policy implementation in quantitative evaluations of public health policy. Frontiers in Health Services, 4, 1322702. https://doi.org/10.3389/frhs.2024.1322702
Tomioka, K., Kurumatani, N., & Hosoi, H. (2017). Positive and negative influences of social participation on physical and mental health among community-dwelling elderly aged 65–70 years: A cross-sectional study in Japan. BMC Geriatrics, 17(1), 111. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-017-0502-8
Xu, X., Cui, Y., Cai, Y., Asante Antwi, H., Zhou, L., & Bangura, J. N. (2021). Effects of Personal Ability and Social Welfare on the Health of Rural-to-Urban Elderly Migrants: An Empirical Analysis from Jiangsu Province, China. Healthcare, 9(12), 1760. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare9121760
Zeng, W., Zhao, P., Zhao, Y., & Saddique, R. (2022). The multidimensional relative poverty of rural older adults in China and the effect of the health poverty alleviation policy. Frontiers in Public Health, 10, 793673. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2022.793673
Zhao, J., Liu, X., Gao, Y., Li, D., Liu, F., Zhou, J., Zha, F., & Wang, Y. (2024). Estimates of multidimensional poverty and its determinants among older people in rural China: Evidence from a multicenter cross-sectional survey. BMC Geriatrics, 24(1), 835. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-024-05413-3
Zhou, L., Zhu, C., Walsh, C. A., & Zhang, X. (2023). Assessing the effect of health status on multidimensional poverty among older adults: The Chinese longitudinal healthy longevity survey. Frontiers in Public Health, 11, 1150344. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2023.1150344
Zhou, Z., Zhou, Z., Gao, J., Lai, S., & Chen, G. (2018). Urban-rural difference in the associations between living arrangements and the health-related quality of life (HRQOL) of the elderly in China—Evidence from Shaanxi province. PLOS ONE, 13(9), e0204118. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0204118
